New perspectives on ancient marine reptiles

New Perspectives on Ancient Granulomas

granulomas. Linkage with TLRs could not be demonstrated and so far experiments with Mincle-deficient mice showed discrepant results related to anti-bacterial resistance. Lugo-Villarino et al. (6) give an account on the importance of the M1 M2 polarization that occurs during M.tb infection. Under the early TH1 (IFNg) influence M1 macrophages become strongly bactericidal. This shifts to a late Th...

New perspectives on ancient Mars.

Mars was most active during its first billion years. The core, mantle, and crust formed within approximately 50 million years of solar system formation. A magnetic dynamo in a convecting fluid core magnetized the crust, and the global field shielded a more massive early atmosphere against solar wind stripping. The Tharsis province became a focus for volcanism, deformation, and outgassing of wat...

Marine Reptiles

1 School of Conservation, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 4 Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, So...

Perspectives on Iowa's Declining Amphibians and Reptiles

The Ancient City New Perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and New World

Cities are so common today that we cannot imagine a world without them. In fact, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, and that number is expected to increase to two-thirds in the next century. For most of our history, however, there were no cities. Understandably, scholars want to know why, how, and when urban life began. Was the emergence of the city just a matter of nucle...